China Mobile Limited Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

China Mobile Limited - Essay Example The telecom industry has undergone reforms which have been driven by the regulations of the European Union (EU). Through successive liberalization directives and harmonization directives, the EU has played a vital role in liberalization of the EU telecom market (OECD, 2001). Italy now has a comprehensive regulatory regime which enables it to promote competition in the sector. Italy also has one of the most pro-competitive approaches among all the OECD members in monitoring service quality and coverage of carrier pre-selection. China Mobile Limited (CHL) is one of the world’s largest mobile network operators, headquartered in China and having operations in Mainland China, Hong Kong and Pakistan. Despite its presence only in three countries it has the largest customer base in the world of approximately 650 million with a market share of 65% in Mainland China (China Mobile Limited, 2012). CHL has been evaluating the prospects of entering the European markets as a strategy seeking growth and expansion. Besides, the government in China also encourages Chinese companies to expand overseas. Growing organically is time consuming and hence CHL intends to enter into alliance or acquire majority stakes in an existing mobile network operator (MNO). Telecom Italia (TM), the leading service provider in Italy is heavily indebted and running in losses (Sanderson, 2012). The organization needs funds to grow but is already in heavy debts. CHL has an opportunity to enter into an agreement with TM and fund their growth. CHL is cash-rich and has massive network as well. In entering new markets the risk and control is proportionately related to the investments. CHL can fund their growth but this would require controlling stakes, which implies high investments. Low investments would not give CHL controlling stakes without which CHL would have to function as the other stakeholders insist. However, CHL would need the support of the existing MNO as the two countries are wide apar t in cultural dimensions, particularly in uncertainty avoidance and long-term orientation, according to Hofstede’s dimensions. Thus, CHL would have to adapt to short-term orientation in decision-making and accept risks as well. Risks include obtaining controlling stakes in the company by paying more than the market price. Since CHL has experience in technology this would help offset risks from not having country-specific experience (Braunstein, Jussawalla and Morris, n.d.). The Italian economy is in trouble and the political condition in Italy is unstable too (Sanderson, 2012). However, in the telecom sector there are no restrictions on foreign ownership and on shareholding of a single party (OECD, 2001). Therefore, even though CHL would have to change its strategy to adapt to Italian cultural standards, they would make profits because of their experience in the sector and the strength of financial resources. However, they may not be able to make profits in the first few year s but eventually they would be able to get return on their investments. First Solar First Solar has been one of the largest and most successful solar panel manufacturers so far but it faces stiff competition from Chinese manufactures which has driven down the prices by 50 percent (Bullis, 2012). Oversupply of panels and sales below production cost by Chinese manufacturers has intensified competition (Wang, 2012). Technologically, First Solar’s thin-film, cadmium-telluride solar panels are less efficient than the silica solar panels made by the Chinese manufacturers. First Solar’s panels can be used for large, ground-mounted installations. However, this has limited market and the company is no longer able to sustain selling its products below

Christmas Carol Essay Example for Free

Christmas Carol Essay The light represents a sense of alertness to show that Scrooge has done great harm and hope. This quote also opens the sight to the audience of Scrooges past time and why he is the way he currently is. The Cratchits are an example of the impoverished people who, Dickens felt, were very honest. The poor people were never too worried about getting more than enough but just wanted something decent to live on. The clothes they whore were past down from parents or older siblings. The food was shared equally so that no one would be left too hungry, all these actions make the poor increase their love for each other. Dickens shows this when: There was nothing very cheerful in the climate( ) Yet there was an air of cheerfulness abroad This quote shows that even though the weather and atmosphere was very dull, the Cratchits still were happy for the sake of Christmas. This shows that Dickens is emphasizing that the poor had good characters, because they made the most of what they could and hardly complained whilst on the other hand the rich werent so graceful. Dickens clearly shows that the rich are greedy and do what will benefit them so they live in a crafty way to get more money. The rich do more and more to feel satisfied but they still want more which leaves them with corrupt lives. In this manner the rich never see the real wonder and beauty of life. This is shown by Dickens through the character of Scrooge when Scrooge has never been to Bob Cratchits house. Here he sees how the Cratchits, despite being very poor, can be happy at Christmas. Bob and Mrs. Cratchit struggle because their family is large: there are six children. Scrooge sees how frail Tiny Tim is and asks the Spirit if he will live. The ghost tells him that unless something changes in the future, the child will die. This makes Scrooge feel bad and some emotions in Scrooges feelings are shown. Later on in this stave the Ghost of Christmas Present takes Scrooge to Freds house. Fred is having a party and Scrooge is brought by the spirit to see and hear it to show him the benefit of a warm family life and that money could be used to share love and happiness. Scrooges nephew Fred says: his offences carry their own punishment. This quote shows that whoever does evil, then evil will come back to him, in this case Scrooge has no care for the poor and so he is punished by being lonely with no family or friends. It also shows how Fred does not have any ill feelings towards his uncle. This quote suggests that Dickens felt that the rich werent always happy and secure because of their possessions but needed respect for who they were, to be happy. Fred is a very generous rich man and Dickens shows that not every rich person was selfish and greedy but some were kind and caring. Dickens shows you could be rich of love and happiness with family and friends, even for the poor. Dickens explains this through the character of Fred when we are told: Scrooge is to be pitied, not despised. He is rich but his money does him no good This quote shows that the rich were not always seen as the mighty, glorious people in the Victorian times but some were seen as being very low. The second part of the quote clearly emphasizes that money couldnt buy everything. But in some circumstances money was a hindrance. Dickens also shows us that having all the money and wealth in the world cannot make you as joyous as being generous and kind. Dickens emphasizes this in his novel through the character Mr. Fezzywig, who is a very generous rich man, who had great love and joy. At this point in the novel, Scrooge is more emotional about how he has treated other people. He finds out that the Cratchits are happier than he had assumed but are suffering severely especially Tiny Tim. He finds out the truth of how his nephew really feels about him. However he knows that he has one more journey to go to and that is the future. The Ghost of Christmas future brings a sense of fear into the scenes, because of the way he only points but doesnt speak and his head is covered with a hood. The phantom slowly, gravely, silently approached This shows that Dickens was very serious about the issues of poverty and that he wanted everyone to know how horrific it was to be so greedy and not give anything to the poor. The quote shows us that something dreadful is to come. Similarly Dickens criticizes the rich who do not give to the poor by saying that they will have no one to care for them when they are feeble. Dickens shows this when the old woman says: I thought hed never die. This quote shows that Dickens is emphasizing how desperate people will be to get rid of such selfish, tight fisted people who have no care for others. The quote has a very strong message because it illustrates how worthless money can make a person. Dickens shows this worthlessness of money if not used properly can make a rich person worthless. This is shown when: Its likely to be a very cheap funeral This quote shows that people did not care about this person who has died. Dickens message here is that no matter how rich you are, you will not be worth a penny if you are careless and greedy. Scrooge gets scared and worried of what he sees. Scrooge shows lots of emotion, this is shown with: In his agony he caught the spectral hand. This quote shows that Scrooge has become very feeble of his feelings because he has finally realized how dreadful of a person he has been. Dickens uses agony to show the amount of pain and misery a greedy persons death would be. In conclusion, Scrooge learned that money isnt everything and that being generous and respectful to others is the most important thing. Scrooge also learns that family and friends come before money and business. In the following century society had many improvements such as benefits for the elderly and disabled. Most of these improvements were made into society after World War 2. This was mainly due to that in the world war, both the poor and rich fought together as one nation. Therefore the rich got to know the poor better and money was shared to provide for all the people so they could help in the war. Food rations were one of these schemes, so the world wars had a huge impact on how society was treated. In the modern society we live in there are many changes due to everybody contributing such as taxes. However in the Victorian times society was very closed and the message Dickens was trying to get over was that everyone should help each other whether poor or rich. There are many modern day Scrooges we can refer to even though its been over a century since Dickens era. However the Scrooges we can refer to in this century have been the more clever, sneaky ones. An example of this is when DNA was discovered. The men who were seen as discoverers were Watson and Crick. However the real people behind the scenes actually made this discovery but the credit and glory was all given to Watson and Crick. Unlike in Dickens times, the modern societys can get hold of money easily but nowadays it is more about pride and glory. Similarly of how poverty was present in Victorian England it still exists in the third world such as Africa but the Scrooges are known as the politicians however the poor are still the public.

Types of communication devices

Types of communication devices Task 1a Identify and explain types of communication devices PDAs PDA stands for personal digital assistant. PDAs are like hand held computers. PDAs are used as mobile phones, they are used for e-mail, web browsing and as media players. PDAs are touch screen devices and the only keypad is built into the device. Wireless Network Interface Card Wireless NICs are network cards that connect to computer networks. These computer networks are radio based. Regular NICs connect wired through Ethernet cables. Wireless network interface cards work in modes: infrastructure and ad hoc. When using infrastructure mode, you need an access point to connect to. When using ad hoc mode you do not need to connect to an access point, instead you connect to other wireless devices. However, you need to be using the same channel and the same SSID. Switches Switches send packets to different IP addresses. Switches are an important part of a network because they speed things up. Switches allow direct communication between computers efficiently. LAN switches create a series of networks that only contain two devices. Routers Routers connect multiple devices to the internet at the same time. A router is a network device that forwards information. It can connect two or more logical subnets to the interface of the router. These subnets are not always mapped one to one. Routers store MAC addresses from computers that have used it to get on the internet. Bridges A network bridge connects network segments together. Network bridges are like network hubs because they connect network segments at the physical layer; however network bridges analyse data packets on other segments of the network. A bridge processes the information it receives and then works out the MAC address using the bridge. Computers A computer is a machine that follows instructions to manipulate data. Computers are very versatile because they have a lot of programs on them which make them different from calculators. As long as a computer has enough storage capacity and time it can out any computational task, no matter how large the task. Wireless keyboard and Mouse A wireless keyboard connects to the computer by using infrared or Bluetooth signals. An infrared wireless keyboard requires the signal from the keyboard to the computer to be in a straight line for the signal to reach the computer properly. Wireless mice work in the same way. They use infrared radio frequency signals to connect with the computer. Printers In laser printers, they scan the paper to make sure that the paper is in correctly. Then the print on the ink on the paper one line at a time until the print job is finished. All other printers work in the same way. Mobile phone with WAP Mobile phones that have WAP enabled allow users to browse the internet on their phone. It lets users use the phone like a computer and only lets users download music, videos and browse headlines. Radio A walkie talkie works on a half duplex transmission. It allows people to communicate from a distance. However, it only allows people to talk one at a time. Also other people with other walkie talkies can listen in on conversations. GPS (SAT NAV) GPS stands for global positioning system. There lots of satellites that transmit signals to the ground. GPS devices do not transmit signals they only receive them. To work well GPS devices require a clear sky and dont work well in forested areas. WI FI Wireless networks use radio waves like radios and mobile phones. Devices using wireless internet receive radio waves and internet connection. Wireless routers translate data into radio signals and send it to devices using the router to get on the internet. Chapter 2 Simplex Simplex transmission either sends or receives data. It allows transmission in one direction. Half duplex Half duplex transmission allows two people to communicate with each other. However, it only allows one person to speak at a time. Full duplex Full duplex transmission allows two people two communicate at the same and lets them both talk at the same time. Serial Serial data travels one bit at a time. It travels through data cables in straight lines, like single file. The data travels quickly because it travels one bit at a time. Parallel Parallel data travels simultaneously eight bits at a time. This can be faster than simplex transmission as parallel travels more bits at a time. However, it can also be slower than serial at times because parallel transmission needs wider cables to travel at its fastest speed. Infra-red Infrared radiation is electromagnetic. Infrared waves travel at a frequency that makes it invisible the naked eye. This is because its wavelength is larger than light. But its wavelength is less than microwaves. Radio link A radio link is a two way system of communication. A radio link is used to provide control over two different points from a distance. They send and receive radio waves. Laser Laser stands for light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation. It emits light using a process called stimulated emission within the electromagnetic radiation. The light that a laser emits is a narrow low-divergence beam. Optical lenses are used to convert these beams. Bandwidth Bandwidth travels in bits. Different bandwidths travel at different rates. Bandwidth is what is used to connect to the internet. Every internet connection has a bandwidth capacity and is measured in hertz. Synchronous Synchronous transmission synchronises transmission speeds when sending and receiving at each end of the transmission clock. Data is constantly streamed into both ends of the transmission clock and does not start and stop. Asynchronous Unlike synchronous transmission, asynchronous transmission starts and stops. Asynchronous transmission allows data to travel ten bits at a time. It adds a one or a zero to the start and end of a binary code. The first added digit is to let the transmission know data is coming through and the other at the end of the code is to let the transmission know that the code has ended. Digital Digital system technology uses discontinuous values. The discontinuous values include numbers, letters and icons. It also uses continuous values which include sounds and images. Analogue Analogue data travels in continuous streams. Analogue is more accurate than digital because digital uses ones and zeros which means they can only approximate audio and video signals. Error detection and correction There are several techniques that can be used to reduce data transmission errors: Parity checking and CRC are a couple of techniques. Parity checking Parity checking uses a parity bit. This is a bit that is added to a number of bits with the value one to make sure that it is odd or even. There are two parity bits: even and odd. When even, the parity bit is set to one if the total amount of ones is odd therefore making it even. When using an odd parity bit the parity bit is set to one if the amount of ones is even therefore making the amount odd. CRC CRC is a non secure hash function. CRC detects changes to raw computer data. A CRC enabled device calculates a short fixed binary sequence for each block of data. It sends or receives them at the same time. The device repeats the calculation when a block is sent or received and contains a data error if the result does not match. Chapter 3 TCP/IP Tcp/ip stands for internet protocol suite. The internet protocol suite is made up of a set of protocols that can be used on a computer network. Tcp/ip is made up of layers. These layers are the link layer, the internet layer, the transport layer and the application layer. SMTP SMTP stands for simple mail transfer protocol. The SMTP is what transfers the email data from one computer to another. The SMTP body is the entire message and is different from the message body. FTP FTP works similar to web pages. Every FTP server file is given a url so other computers ca find it when they are connected to the internet. Users can use web browsers or FTP clients to upload and download files. UPnP UPnP is used as a way of automatically forwarding ports so people dont have to do it manually. UPnP stands for universal plug and play. The goal of UPnP is to allow devices to connect to the internet effortlessly and simplify installation of devices and networks. Bluetooth Bluetooth is an open wireless protocol. It allows data exchange over a short distance. The data is transferred using radio waves from stationary mobile devices. This creates personal area networks. Stationary Bluetooth mobile devices can connect to multiple devices at a time, avoiding synchronisation problems.

Willa Cathers Death Comes for the Archbishop :: Willa Cather Death Comes for the Archbishop

Willa Cather's Death Comes for the Archbishop In a 1927 letter, Willa Cather wrote that her book, Death Comes for the Archbishop, that "many of the reviews of this book begin with the statement: 'This book is hard to classify.' Then why bother? Many more assert vehemently that it is not a novel. Myself, I prefer to call it a narrative." (On Writing 12). The questions pertaining to whether or not it is a novel or why does Cather herself call it a "narrative" can be strange ones. First, breaking down the question of if it was or wasn't a novel. According to Webster's New World College Dictionary, a novel means "a relatively long fictional prose narrative with a more or less complex plot or pattern of events, about actions, feelings, motives, etc. of a group of characters." This definition of a novel pertains in every way to DCA, which leads the reader to question why would Cather say that it isn't a novel? Was she being sarcastic when she wrote this? In my opinion, the definition alone classifies DCA as a novel from the aspect that 1) it is a "relatively long fictional prose," 2) it has a complex plot and pattern of events about a group of characters. However, if one was to look at Cather's view from another angle, one could see that DCA is not a novel through a variety of ways. One of these reasons is that DCA is broken down into ten "books" (including the prologue) ranging from 15-38 pages. When it is set up like this, the reader may interpret them to be read into a common day serial and take each "book" as a different story, even though Cather incorporates most of her characters throughout the book. Another question that the reader must ask herself about DCA is why is it a narrative? For one, the reader is able to act as the narrator by putting herself in the story. Cather is brilliant at using explicit details and descriptions that make the reader feel as though she is getting a first-hand look at what is going on.

Mobile news and the future of journalism

Question 1 . Explain the influences of the emergence of mobile news on the future of journalism. How substantial do you consider these influences to be? Mobile News and The future of Journalism Digital, mobile and visual technologies have provided us with new ways for society to find and share news and information, making them a key part of economic, social and cultural life. Today, People all over the world are increasingly shifting their consumption of news from newspapers and other traditional forms, to mobile news and Internet services and this is due to these advances in technology.As we are now living in a digital age, we are seeing big changes in the Journalism industry and new practices of Journalism are happening including the emergence of mobile news (the delivery and creation of news using mobile devices). Journalism is traditionally practiced through news organizations such as newspapers, broadcasting stations or news websites, but in a society where the Internet and mobi le is becoming first for news, Journalism has had to advance in order to keep up to date with these new platforms. But will the emergence of mobile news affect the future of journalism and if so, how?A conference was held in 2008 by the BBC College of Journalism discussing the future of Journalism in relation to advances in technology. ‘Today, as technology changes the lives of both Journalists and their customers, assumptions about what Journalism is and how it is practiced are being re-examined. ‘ (The future of Journalism, papers from conference, online). Peter Horrocks, director of BBC world services and one of the speakers at the conference, has seen how technology is changing Journalism and says that there is an end to what he calls ‘Fortress Journalism' and a new ‘NetworkedJournalism'. Horrocks explains that Fortress Journalism refers to Journalism that thinks of itself as a closed system, Journalists are the experts of news and we listen to them. Wher eas the new form of Journalism is ‘Networked Journalism' and this takes into account the collaborative nature of Journalism; it's about tearing down the fortresses and making it open to public allowing Journalist to communicate with the public. This idea of ‘Networked Journalism', means the barriers for entering the news circuit are not as big as before.Anyone with basic computer skills can set up a blog or a twitter account and can easily discuss news with the world, and it is the process of remediation that has influenced these changes in Journalism. Bolter and Grusin define ‘remediation' as a process whereby each new medium promises to reform its predecessors by offering a more immediate, authentic experience, for example the medium ot mobile news is said to be a better taster and more connected then the medium of television news. experience These new online methods of distributing news, does not necessary eradicate old raditional ways, i. . newspapers, televisi on and radio. ‘Technologies don't eliminate one another; they enhance or subtly change one another taking their place side-by- side in the new media ecology. ‘ ((Bolter & Grusin, 2000). Journalism lecture: Remediation) We are now carrying around the technology that allows us to have access to the Internet and news on-the-go thanks to gadgets like smartphones and tablets. These rapid advances in technology have changed the way in which we can get our news offering us this new medium of mobile news.The power of martphones and their ability to be more then Just a phone has been a big influence on the rising popularity of mobile news. With Millions of people owning these gadgets, the Journalism industry needed to re-think how to respond to this new form of technology where information and news is available immediately and free. News corporations have noticed that a growing number of people are using the Internet for news and so have tried to meet the demand for mobile news b y developing mobile web versions of the websites for easier access and applications for direct access to ll the news anytime.For example BBC news, Sky news, The Guardian, Mailonline are just a few of the many available news applications on smartphones. This emergence of mobile news isn't stopping newspaper Journalism, but it is affecting it, causing a declining in the consumption of newspapers by society. ‘The proportion of people reading a national daily newspaper has been declining over the past three decades. In 1978, †¦ 72 per cent of people aged 15 and over in Great Britain had read a national daily newspaper, †¦ 2 per cent in 1991 and 53 per cent in 2001. In 2009, †¦ 2 per cent had reported reading a national daily newspaper. ‘(Office for national statistics) It is probable that the main reason for the decline is this increased use of the Internet and mobile news. People are starting to use and rely on mobile news services instead of purchasing newsp apers or watching the news on television, and Journalist are in fact actively using these social medias themselves to communication and interact with the public.The State of the News Media (2012): An Annual Report on American Journalism, found that Mobile news is important because people feel they can, ave an impact on their communities, and feel more plugged into the media environment than they did a few years ago. ‘ ‘Citizens can not only read news from their local community, with tablets and smart phones, they can also share and post links to stories, comment, or contribute themselves. ‘ (State of the Media: Annual Report) Now, Journalism has an interactive dialogue between organisation, communities, and individuals.World events like the Egyptian 25th January revolution, was fully covered, not Just by professional Journalists, but also by the people of Egypt ia mobile phones and Internet. This communication and interaction with society is an advantage to Journal ism as it allows for better coverage of the news. This rise of new media has increased the communications between people all over the world and has allowed people to express themselves through blogs, websites, pictures, and other user-generated media.It is also making Journalists Jobs easier as they can use this user-generated information for their own work. This means that New-media technology is impacting established Journalism but also transforming the Internet into a more open, trustworthy and useful place for information and debate about news. ‘The development of the internet means that the process (news) is far quicker, more international in scope, and that the audience gets more of a look-in. Oournalism, principles and practice pp174) So what does the future hold for Journalism now that mobile news is becoming a popular platform? People are enjoying being connected to the world, knowing what is going and being able to be part of it, and this has allowed the business of mobile news to thrive. The mergence of new media is affecting Journalism for the better. Journalism is becoming more important then ever before as news is being distributed to a wider audience and having more of an affecting, as more people want to stay connected to the world by news.In order for Journalism to remain something that society needs, it must advance with the technology like everything else in society, so we are now seeing more online Journalism then ever before; the reporting of facts produced and distributed via the Internet. As technology becomes cheaper to manufacture, more eople will have access the Internet and mobile news will gain an even wider audience globally. The emergence of mobile news has meant that news has become more user-generated, meaning the consumers participate in the making of the news by adding content themselves.This may give the idea that the work of Journalist is not safe in the future as the audiences are also the contributor and creators of news, but Journalist have the skills to use this information, give it context and then report it, So Journalists will remain important. We have also seen Journalism change hroughout the centuries, from the '19th century printing press culture, to the 20th century television and radio culture, to now, the 21st century digital and online culture'. Oournalism lecture, Remediation).All this change brought about better- advanced ways of getting news and people want and need it in their life. Whilst some may opt for the free, but sometimes not factual option of news, others are still willing to pay for real, accurate and trustworthy news. Now with the many options available and the strong rise of mobile news, how it's delivered will be down to the news orporations and Journalists, but if newspapers are to survive the impact of the internet and news media in the future, then stricter controls on news online should be made to encourage society to use the traditional forms.https://idp.uwe.ac .uk/CookieAuth.dll?GetLogon?curl=Z2FadfsZ2FlsZ2FauthZ2FintegratedZ2FZ3FwaZ3Dwsignin1.0Z26wtrealmZ3DhttpsZ3AZ2FZ2Fauth-cas.uwe.ac.ukZ2FcasZ2Flogin&reason=0&formdir=7http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/resources/idt-bbb9e158-4a1b-43c7-8b3b-9651938d4d6ahttp://www.stateofthemedia.org/2012/overview-4/major-trends/http://www.webcitation.org/

Free Essays on Revolutionary Generation

The argument that the founders of the Constitution represented radical revolutionaries who transformed American political culture from its British Colonial origins, is evident when comparing British Colonial government before the revolution, to today’s Constitution. The reason the American government was created was because American freedom could never be secure under the British crown, so the time had come to correct the â€Å"errors† in Britain’s constitution and to found new governments free of kings and hereditary rule, governments in which all officials owed their power to popular choice. Firstly, immediately following the Declaration of Independence, the first governments formed were state governments. Connecticut and Rhode Island were the only states that kept the same framework, all the other states created brand new Constitutions. What emerged from the state constitutions is the foundation for the United States Government. The Executive Branch changed tremendously, which had a lot to do with how the colonists perceived their colonial government. For the state governments, most of the Americans drafting the constitution were under the impression that the colonial government had too much power, so the state representatives took their power away and gave little power to the governor. The governor could no longer call the state legislature to meet and could no longer appoint officials. Pennsylvania even replaced the governor with a council of twelve that was popularly elected. In the Legislative Branch, except for Pennsylvania and Georgia, all states had a Bicameral Legislature. Most representatives in the lower house were restricted to one term. Those elected to the upper house usually had longer terms. The first thing the representatives did was re apportion the states so that the Western lands would be under the colonial government and the power of the Government rested on the Eastern portions of the colonial seat. T... Free Essays on Revolutionary Generation Free Essays on Revolutionary Generation The argument that the founders of the Constitution represented radical revolutionaries who transformed American political culture from its British Colonial origins, is evident when comparing British Colonial government before the revolution, to today’s Constitution. The reason the American government was created was because American freedom could never be secure under the British crown, so the time had come to correct the â€Å"errors† in Britain’s constitution and to found new governments free of kings and hereditary rule, governments in which all officials owed their power to popular choice. Firstly, immediately following the Declaration of Independence, the first governments formed were state governments. Connecticut and Rhode Island were the only states that kept the same framework, all the other states created brand new Constitutions. What emerged from the state constitutions is the foundation for the United States Government. The Executive Branch changed tremendously, which had a lot to do with how the colonists perceived their colonial government. For the state governments, most of the Americans drafting the constitution were under the impression that the colonial government had too much power, so the state representatives took their power away and gave little power to the governor. The governor could no longer call the state legislature to meet and could no longer appoint officials. Pennsylvania even replaced the governor with a council of twelve that was popularly elected. In the Legislative Branch, except for Pennsylvania and Georgia, all states had a Bicameral Legislature. Most representatives in the lower house were restricted to one term. Those elected to the upper house usually had longer terms. The first thing the representatives did was re apportion the states so that the Western lands would be under the colonial government and the power of the Government rested on the Eastern portions of the colonial seat. T...